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martes, 21 de enero de 2014

Accesibilidad en los dispositivos del 2013

Interesante el resumen del artículo Highlights of 2013: Accessibility in mainstream devices. Resume las principales características de los dispositivos móviles más famosos que han aparecido en el año 2013:
In 2013 people with disability have been offered more choice in smartphones and tablet computers. While Apple still dominates this market, this year saw its competitors offer affordable and accessible alternatives. Here, Media Access Australia looks at a selection of mainstream electronic devices and how they have been improved for accessibility.
Samsung Galaxy S4
In March this year, Samsung unveiled its Galaxy S4 smartphone which introduced some features with access potential such as ‘S Voice’ a voice assistant which allows you to navigate the smartphone through voice commands, and ‘Smart Scroll’ which tracks eye movements that can control video playback. The Galaxy S4 was released with the Android operating system which also came with its own accessibility features including a screen reader, screen magnifier and gesture mode. 
Lower cost smartphones
With the Android operating system now becoming a more viable option for those who need assistive technology, users have a wider range of cheaper smartphones to choose from. One notable example is the Motorola Moto G which costs under $200. The phone is currently available overseas and we hope that it reaches Australia early 2014. 
Amazon Kindle Fire tablets
Amazon introduced two new tablets this year, the Kindle Fire HD and Kindle Fire HDX. After a number of advocacy groups pressured Amazon, the company released tablets with improved accessibility. The Fire tablets run on the Fire 3.0 operating system (a version of Android) and come with a suite of accessibility features including Voice Guide, Explore by Touch, closed captioning support and a screen magnifier. 
Apple updates
While Apple has not introduced any new devices other than updates to its existing range, its iOS 7 (for iPhones and iPads) and OSX Mavericks (for desktop and laptop computers) operating systems have improved the accessibility of the iPhone, iPad, Mac and Macbook. The first devices that came installed with updated Apple operating systems shipped in September this year and the updates are now available to install on compatible devices.
These updates retain the accessibility features of previous operating systems, including VoiceOver, Zoom and Siri, but have also introduced new features to assist users with disability. Both iOS 7 and Mavericks provide greater support for closed captioned video and a very important new feature, Switch Control which is software for switch devices. This is a form of assistive technology that enables a person with impaired mobility to control an interface through a single button. It is often used as an alternative to a keyboard or mouse. 
Microsoft Windows 8.1
Windows 8, released in 2012, it was Microsoft’s first operating system that was accessible to users who are blind or vision impaired out of the box. Its upgrade to Windows 8.1 in October 2013 improved the accessibility even further. Media Access Australia’s review of Windows 8.1 demonstrates it is the most accessible operating system Microsoft has released to date. Improved features include the Windows Store now allowing users to filter out inaccessible apps from search results.

El nuevo atributo hidden de HTML5

Según leo en el artículo HTML5 Accessibility Chops: hidden and aria-hidden support on the UP! que se publicó hace unos días, parece que ya se puede usar el nuevo atributo hidden de HTML5, porque ya lo soporta la mayoría de los navegadores web (y supongo que los productos de apoyo como los lectores de pantalla).

Este atributo se puede aplicar a cualquier elemento de HTML. La definición en la especificación de HTML5 dice:
All HTML elements may have the hidden content attribute set. The hidden attribute is a boolean attribute. When specified on an element, it indicates that the element is not yet, or is no longer, directly relevant to the page's current state, or that it is being used to declare content to be reused by other parts of the page as opposed to being directly accessed by the user. User agents should not render elements that have the hidden attribute specified.
¿Pero esto es lo que se ha hecho siempre con display: none en CSS?

Sí, efectivamente, es así. Un poco más de lío... Mirad lo que sigue en la especificación:
The hidden attribute must not be used to hide content that could legitimately be shown in another presentation. For example, it is incorrect to use hidden to hide panels in a tabbed dialog, because the tabbed interface is merely a kind of overflow presentation — one could equally well just show all the form controls in one big page with a scrollbar. It is similarly incorrect to use this attribute to hide content just from one presentation — if something is marked hidden, it is hidden from all presentations, including, for instance, printers.
Hay que llevar mucho cuidado con el uso de este atributo.

¿Otra vez quieren quitar el atributo alt?

El atributo alt es el buque insignia de la accesibilidad web: es la característica típica que se emplea para explicar cómo se puede mejorar la accesibilidad de una página web.


El W3C lleva tiempo con la idea de eliminar la obligación de que todas las imágenes tengan el atributo alt, lo cual no alegra a mucha gente que cree que de golpe y porrazo se van a cargar 15 años de enseñar a la gente la necesidad de utilizar (correctamente) el atributo alt.

En Image alt Exception Change Re-Re-Re-Requested nos explican lo que está pasando dentro del W3C. Personalmente, creo que sería un completo error que se eliminase la obligación de que todas las imágenes tengan un atributo alt (que puede ser nulo) o que se pudiera sustituir por otras cosas, como el atributo title o las propiedades aria-label o aria-labelledby: el lío sería monumental.

Por cierto, parece que hay algunos que se han enfadado porque las discusiones que están teniendo lugar han salido del grupo que desarrolla WCAG y se han hecho públicas.